He may be 84, and his biggest hits are older — in some cases considerably — than the average user. But TikTok has a fan in Paul Anka.

That’s because his songbook, including “Put Your Head on My Shoulder,” “My Way” (for Frank Sinatra) and even “(You’re) Having My Baby,” are getting a new life on the app, soundtracking reels, gender reveals and more. Consequently, Anka has TikTok on his phone and iPad, and he and publisher Primary Wave keep tabs on the phenomenon — which is chronicled as part of the HBO documentary Paul Anka: His Way, premiering on Dec. 1.

“It’s somewhat amusing, in a sense, and gratifying,” Anka tells Billboard. “I just left Mexico City, 10,000 people (at a show) and I’ve got teenagers running around because of TikTok. No one in their vision years ago would say to you, ‘There’s gonna be TikTok.’ I would’ve told them they’re nuts. What is this? Why is this? How is this? Where did this come from? It’s unbelievable. But, because of TikTok, all these kids know these songs. That’s great.”

Now Anka has several new projects — the documentary, a new album in 2026 and a jukebox musical — that will give his new fans, as well as longtime followers, a chance to immerse themselves in his life, and his way of doing things.

Acknowledging that “we’re doc-overwhelmed these days,” Anka says he’s been reticent about having his own documentary out. “People had come to me, and in meetings I felt like, ‘This doesn’t feel right. There’s not enough commitment. There’s not enough creative,’ blah, blah, blah,” he explains. But he connected with Paul Anka: His Way director John Maggio (Mr. Saturday Night) and his team — enough to greenlight the project and even cede a great deal of creative control over the project, which premiered at this year’s Toronto International Film Festival.

“I didn’t really want to have any credits as producer or anything like that,” Anka says. “My whole take was, ‘You guys know what you’re doing. I don’t want any talking heads. I don’t want 30 friends raving about me.’ I wasn’t into that. It was trusting in (Maggio and company) to follow me around and see what I’m about. The journey’s been culminating to this point to where the doc became something I wanted to do.”

Times of His Life

The story is, of course, epic. Anka came to New York from his native Ottawa when he was 15, hitting quickly with “Diana” in 1957. Part of corps of new pop heroes that included Pat Boone, Bobby Darin and Frankie Avalon, Anka established himself as a multi-threat singer (48 songs on the Billboard Hot 100, including 10 top 10s and two No. 1s) performer, actor and songwriter. As the lattermost, he penned hits for (or contributing to collaborations with) Sinatra, Buddy Holly (“It Doesn’t Matter Anymore”), Sammy Davis Jr. (“I’m Not Anyone”), Tom Jones (“She’s a Lady”), Barbra Streisand (“Jubilation”), Michael Jackson (“Love Never Felt So Good”) and Drake (“Don’t Matter to Me”).

Anka also famously wrote “Johnny’s Theme” for The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson and talks in the documentary about having to give Carson credit and half of the publishing rights to have the song used over the objections of musical director Skitch Henderson. “I called it my college song,” Anka says. “It put my kids through college.”

It’s those songwriting achievements he wanted to be front and center of the documentary. “I was a writer; that was my gravitas,” Anka explains now. “As a kid I said, ‘I’m not gonna last in this business if I’m not the writer. I had that discussion with the Beatles when I met them; they weren’t writers yet, they were a cover band, and in Paris, when I met them, I said, ‘You gotta write! You gotta write!’

“The writing thing was what I was about, so I told the (documentary team), ‘Let’s educate them about what I’ve written. I wanted to put the emphasis on the creative side.’”

Paul Anka: His Way offers some look into his personal life (three marriages and six children, one of whom is married to Jason Bateman), but the film is free of some of the angsty tropes usually found in documentaries. “I was around all that sh-t — heroin, Frankie Lymon, a lot of others I won’t name — and you make a choice,” Anka explains. “You’re 15 years old and you come down from Canada with this great American dream you’re pursuing, you’re your success, and you don’t want to blow it. So I made a choice there were certain things I was going to do and I wasn’t gonna do. I’m still doing what I’m doing — I’m traveling, I’m performing, creating — because I take care of myself. I live a certain lifestyle. I eat a certain way. I don’t drink hard liquor. I’ve never been a smoker. I’m not tooting my own horn — just basic sh-t. If you want to be around and be coherent, you have to keep your sh-t together.”

Also of note in His Way is that despite Anka’s close relationships with the mob bosses who ran the music and entertainment industries he was working in, he never found himself in a kind of Four Seasons compromise situation.

“In my experience they were the best to work for — they were the only ones to work for,” Anka says. “But I never felt like anyone was moving in on me or strong-arming me or anything like that. I respected them. They respected me. I made money for them. I was told to keep my nose clean. They were gentlemen. I knew all those characters, yeah, but to think anyone who was in it and associated with them was in some way owned, absolutely not.”

Til The Mornin’ Comes

With the documentary coming out, Anka is now turning his attention to the musical, an autobiographical jukebox piece he’s also been reticent to tackle until recently. “I didn’t have a good vibe about the writers we were doing with before,” he says. “It’s tough terra firma, Broadway. I’ve always stayed away from it ’cause it’s dangerous. I’ve seen my friends get knocked out for two years to do it and then they’re dead in a day. I didn’t want to take the time, and we didn’t find the right group of people.”

He’s since partnered with producers out of Canada and brought in Rupert Holmes (The Mystery of Edwin Drood, Curtains) to write the book. “I like what he’s done,” Anka says. “I’ve seen a cross-section of his work and he’s very knowledgeable, very smart. I think he’s going to deliver something great.”

The musical is now “in process,” according to Anka, who expects to take up to two years to have something on the boards. “We’ll probably break it in Toronto,” he predicts. “It’s a gamble in a sense that, as I said earlier, Broadway ain’t that easy, so it’s iffy. But it feels like the right time in my life to do this.”

Coming sooner, on Feb. 13, will be Inspirations of Life and Love, Anka’s first album since 2021, for Green Hill Music and the Sun Label group. Part of a Primary Wave series of the same name, the 11-track set (with four bonus tracks for a deluxe edition) blends new versions of standards such as “It Was a Very Good Year,” “That’s Life” and “Let Me Try Again” along with brand new material penned by Anka and performed by the Budapest Scoring Orchestra with arrangements by Bill Ross, Carlos Rodgarman and others.

“It’s just a bunch of songs that are hopefully inspirational and about love, that simple,” says Anka, who’s stated to appear Dec. 1 on ABC’s Jimmy Kimmel Live. “There’s not a lot of uptempo stuff; we wanted to keep it very rich and ballady and emotional, kind of that message. Like, for instance, the Sinatra ‘That’s Life’ is uptempo, a lot of drive and everything, and we turned into more of an inspirational ballad style approach, which I’ve never heard before. I like doing something that’s never been heard before.”

Of his continuing creative drive, Anka notes — as he does in the documentary — that, “I haven’t put my flag on my mountain yet, even at my age. I’ve got the energy to do it. I don’t care what it sells or if I get critically acclaimed. We’ve sold a lot of records. The great challenge for me now is to do something that’s different and I’m really proud of. The rest is living gratefully and balancing your life.”

A jury has held celebrity gossip blogger Milagro Gramz liable for defaming Megan Thee Stallion and reposting a deepfake pornographic video of the rapper in the wake of her shooting by Tory Lanez.  

According to independent court reporter Meghann Cuniff, a federal jury in Miami determined in a Monday (Dec. 1) verdict that Gramz harmed Megan with her social media antics. Jurors awarded Megan $75,000 in damages — a relatively small amount for a defamation trial, where damages numbers can reach into the millions.

Related

Megan’s lawyers argued during the weeklong trial that Milagro acted as Lanez’s “mouthpiece” to spread misinformation and tank her reputation. Lanez (Daystar Peterson) is serving a 10-year prison sentence after being convicted in 2022 of shooting Megan in the foot during a drunken argument following a pool party at Kylie Jenner’s house in the Hollywood Hills. He continues to maintain his innocence, though the conviction was recently upheld on appeal.

A loyal Lanez supporter, Gramz has for years used her social media presence to doubt the veracity of Megan’s account. Many of her posts about the shooting case have been outright false, such as her claims that Lanez’s gun supposedly went “missing.” Megan’s lawsuit also accused Milagro of violating a Florida law against “altered sexual depictions” by encouraging followers to watch a deepfake pornographic video of her.

Gramz denied being paid by Lanez and said her social media posts were First Amendment-protected journalism. The question of whether Gramz is a protected member of the media became a key issue during the trial. Jurors reportedly determined on Monday that she does have some media credentials, teeing up more post-trial litigation over whether the defamation verdict can stand.

Lanez himself was not a defendant or a witness in this trial. The Canadian rapper was supposed to give a videotaped deposition from prison, but was so uncooperative during the repeated questioning from Megan’s lawyers that he was held in contempt.


Billboard VIP Pass

Foo Fighters assume sole possession of the fourth-most No. 1s in the 44-year history of Billboard’s Mainstream Rock Airplay chart, claiming the top spot on the Dec. 6-dated survey with “Asking for a Friend.”

The Dave Grohl-led band snags its 15th No. 1 on the tally, breaking out of a tie with Metallica.

“Asking for a Friend” takes over No. 1 from Five Finger Death Punch, who’s, incidentally, the next act in Foo Fighters’ sights on the all-time leaderboard, as “The End” became the rockers’ 17th ruler.

Most No. 1s, Mainstream Rock Airplay:
21, Shinedown
19, Three Days Grace
17, Five Finger Death Punch
15, Foo Fighters
14, Metallica
13, Disturbed
13, Godsmack
13, Linkin Park
13, Van Halen

With “Asking for a Friend,” Foo Fighters earn their first No. 1 since “The Glass” reigned for a week in April 2024. In between the two, “Today’s Song” peaked at No. 2 this August.

Each of the band’s 15 leaders has been in the past 20 years; its first, “Best of You,” was in 2005. That was after a decade of appearances on the survey that began with “This Is a Call,” which peaked at No. 6 in 1995.

“Asking for a Friend” reaches No. 1 in its fifth week on the ranking, wrapping the quickest coronation this year and the fastest since Linkin Park’s “The Emptiness Machine” took three weeks in October 2024. Foo Fighters’ 2025 high eclipses the six-week trips for Three Days Grace’s “Mayday,” Shinedown’s “Dance, Kid, Dance” and Disturbed’s “I Will Not Break.”

Concurrently, “Asking for a Friend” holds at its No. 5 best on Alternative Airplay and reigns for a second week on the all-rock-format, audience-based Rock & Alternative Airplay chart with 5.9 million audience impressions in the week ending Nov. 27, up 3%, according to Luminate.

The track is currently a standalone single promoting Foo Fighters’ 2026 stadium tour, which kicks off next August. It’s also the first contribution to the band’s discography with new drummer Ilan Rubin, who joined in July.

All Billboard charts dated Dec. 6 will update tomorrow, Dec. 2, on Billboard.com.

Megan Thee Stallion could be playing some more “Captain Hook” at sea this year. The Houston Hottie’s boyfriend, Klay Thompson, showed off his boat’s new name over the holiday weekend, which pays homage to Megan with the SS Stallion.

The NBA star took to his Instagram Story on Sunday (Nov. 30) with a photo of the docked vessel with Megan Thee Stallion on board. “SS Stallion Houston, Tx,” the boat’s blue decal reads.

Megan spent Thanksgiving with the Thompson family as Klay and the Dallas Mavericks were in the midst of a West Coast road trip.

The Houston rapper posted a TikTok recapping her day of cooking for the Thompson family for Thanksgiving. From the mac and cheese to the turkey and barbecue baked beans, Megan did it all with a Southern twist — she makes sure to refer to stuffing as dressing.

“I was really nervous, ‘cause I was like, ‘Dang, I’m really finna cook for my man and his whole family.’ I hope they love this because I got to show them that I really love they son,” she explained.

It looked like it was 10s across the board for Megan Thee Chef, as Klay gave his stamp of approval with a clean plate and Thompson’s father, Mychal, allegedly told Meg she could open up her own restaurant.

@theestallion

Thanksgiving with Thee Hot Girl Chef 👩🏾‍🍳

♬ BOA (Instrumental) – Megan Thee Stallion

Megan Thee Stallion and her NBA boo have been going strong since the summer, when the couple went public with their relationship in July at the inaugural Pete & Thomas Foundation Gala. The final game of the Mavericks’ road trip will take place on Monday (Dec. 1) with Dallas in Denver to take on the Nuggets.

No matter how quick the wit, no stand-up comic starts out a success. Forget the top: on the way to the bottom rung, comics need to endure endless open-mic tryouts, log thousands of miles for little or no money and be thankful for 1:00 a.m. slots in front of drunken hecklers. And that’s just for starters. The further up the ladder they climb, the more pressure they face to consistently write and hone hour-plus sets that will power tours, specials and social media. Increasingly, they also choose to engage in a weekly form of digital improv known as the podcast.   

As the first quarter of the 21st century comes to an end, Billboard set out to determine the best of that A-list: the top 25 stand-up comics of the last 25 years. To come up with these rankings, we polled experts that work with comics on a daily basis: bookers with a long histories of breaking comic talent.   

The panel consists of William Burdett-Coutts, who heads the Assembly venues at the Edinburgh Fringe festival; Michael Cox, stand-up booker for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon; Adam Eget, manager at Joe Rogan’s Comedy Mothership in Austin, Tx, and before that, the Comedy Store in Los Angeles; Bruce Hills, who, for 36 years booked and eventually ran Montreal’s Just For Laughs festival; Caroline Hirsch, the founder of Caroline’s Comedy Club and co-founder of the New York Comedy Festival; Chris and Steve Mazzilli, owners of the Gotham Comedy Club in Manhattan; Patrick Milligan, the booker and proprietor of The Stand NYC comedy club; Susan Provan, director of the Melbourne International Comedy Festival; and Samantha Schles, director of comedy at the SXSW Festival. (Billboard‘s parent company, PMC, owns a 50% stake in SXSW.)

Thanks to all our panelists for taking time out of their hectic schedules to participate. (And special thanks to Hill, who provided valuable advice on voting parameters, helped create a well-rounded and authoritative judges panel and generously provided means to contact them.) 

The process began with our panel helping put together a ballot of more than 150 nominees. The talent pool was limited to comedians with active stand-up careers over the last 25 years — as opposed to sketch, sitcom, film or improvisational performers, such as the cast of Saturday Night Live, Second City or Upright Citizens Brigade. Overseas comedians with a presence in the United States were also considered.  

From there, the judges each ranked their top 25 comics. Voting was anonymous, and a weighted system was used to determine the top 25. As a number of judges remarked when returning their ballots, winnowing such a large batch of nominees was extremely difficult. There are a lot of exceptional stand-up comics out there.  

For the next week, Billboard will present the results of the voting — the top 25 stand-up comedians of the last 25 years — in ascending order, five at a time, with the complete list unveiled on Friday (Dec. 6).  
Nos. 25 through 21 follow below.

Rihanna has Anti on the brain this week, as the album — which remains her most recent full-length a decade after its release — has just clocked a historic 500th week on the Billboard 200.

Related

On the chart dated Dec. 6, 2025, the critically acclaimed LP ranks at No. 134, recording a milestone 500th nonconsecutive week on the ranking. It marks the first album by a Black female soloist in Billboard chart history to spend that much time on the Billboard 200.

And in a post on X reacting to the news on Monday (Dec. 10), Ri proudly wrote, “God ain’t forget bout me!”

The album’s reign is certainly impressive, especially considering the fact that the Fenty mogul hasn’t dropped an LP since it came out in January 2016. Spending most of the past 10 years focusing on her fashion and beauty empires and raising her family with A$AP Rocky, Ri has only released a few sparse singles — including the Oscar-nominated “Lift Me Up” for Black Panther: Wakanda Forever in 2022 — in the years that followed Anti.

At its peak, Anti spent two weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard 200. Featuring numerous Billboard Hot 100 hits — such as “Work” featuring Drake, “Needed Me” and “Love on the Brain” — the project also earned several Grammy nominations, including best urban contemporary album.

Also on Monday, Ri celebrated a very different milestone. Sharing photos of herself in her home country on X, the star wrote, “Congratulations to Barbados, MY HOME, on our 59th year of Independence and our 4th year as a Republic! Today also marks the installation of our 2nd President, His Excellency Lieutenant Colonel The Most Honorable Jeffrey Bostic, who alongside our Honorable Prime Minister Mia Mottley will continue to lead Barbados with excellence!!”


Billboard VIP Pass

Christmas is in full swing on the Hot 100 with Wham!’s “Last Christmas,” Brenda Lee and more entering the top 10, but will any of these Christmas classics sweep the No. 1 spot?

Tetris Kelly: This is the Billboard Hot 100 top 10 for the week, dated December 6th. “Opalite” falls down to No. 10 as Leon slips to nine. “Jingle Bell Rock” appears at No. 8, while Brenda Lee is in at seven. Wham!’s “Last Christmas” is at six. While Mimi brings her Christmas classic to the top five. Still at No. 4 is Olivia Dean. Alex Warren is holding on to No. 3, and “Golden” is holding it down at No. 2. So now, with eight weeks at No. 1 is Taylor Swift with “The Fate of Ophelia.” If you want more Billboard, make sure you hit the subscribe button and ring the bell to be notified on all our latest videos.

All products and services featured are independently chosen by editors. However, Billboard may receive a commission on orders placed through its retail links, and the retailer may receive certain auditable data for accounting purposes.

BTS member Jin is taking his role as Alo Yoga’s global ambassador seriously by pricing down his collection with the brand for Cyber Monday.

“It’s about being true to myself and staying in tune with my body while giving myself grace,” Jin says in a statement from the brand. “Self-love isn’t always easy, but it’s about making the effort to focus on what feels right for you. When I’m doing what I love with the people I care about, I feel unstoppable. For me, it starts with practicing positive thoughts and letting go of negativity. That’s why this campaign with Alo Yoga, ‘Wellness Begins With Self-Love,’ feels so meaningful. It’s a chance to remind everyone to take a moment for themselves and find their own balance.”

Now ARMY can add Jin’s favorite styles from Alo Yoga into their own rotation — especially if you’re looking for some BTS-approved styles while you wait for new music from the group to drop. The singer-backed collection includes everything from hoodies and jackets to athletic footwear. You can shop our Cyber Monday sale picks worn by Jin below.

Shop These Jin-Approved Sporty Picks For Alo Yoga's Cyber Monday Sale

Accolade Hoodie

A black Alo Yoga hoodie.


The classic Alo hoodie comes in unisex sizes XS to 2XL, allowing you wear it as a fitted top or as oversized sweats. The hoodie is made from a super soft and cozy French terry material, making it comfortable for the gym, travel or just lounging around at home.

Shop These Jin-Approved Sporty Picks For Alo Yoga's Cyber Monday Sale

Voyage Utility Cargo Jacket

A puffy cargo jacket.


Jin is spotted in the new campaign photos wearing this Alo Cargo Jacket, which features a puffy silhouette and slightly cropped hem. A great layering piece for cooler nights or chilly mornings at the gym, the jacket comes with two oversized front pockets and a zip-up chest pocket to hold all your stuff. The jacket material folds down nicely too for easy packing.

Shop These Jin-Approved Sporty Picks For Alo Yoga's Cyber Monday Sale

Cargo Ripstop Trouser

$82 $118 31% off

Buy Now at alo yoga

Cargo pants in taupe.


Jin is also pictured wearing these Ripstop Cargo Pants, which comes in four earth tone colors (as well as a limited-edition “fog” purple colorway). The pants feature a roomy (but not overly baggy) fit, with durable construction that lets you wear them on a hike as easily as to the office. The deep cargo pockets and back pockets let your carry your wallet, phone and other small accessories with ease, while the ripstop cotton is breathable for all-day wear.

model wearing brown contrasting hoodie

Make Waves Hoodie

$110 $158 30% off

Buy Now at alo yoga

A cozy wavy hoodie.


Layer up in style with Alo’s new statement hoodie featuring a built in hood and abstract pattern. The front comes with a main pocket to store your phone or keep your hands warm while the contrasting colorway will turn your loungewear into the ultimate piece of streetwear.

model wearing black t-shirt and matching pants

Double Take Short Sleeve

$61 $88 31% off

Buy Now at alo yoga

A black tee with Alo Yoga detailing.


We’d certainly do a double-take if we saw this tee out and about. The Double Take Short Sleeve is currently $61, a striking price drop for sure. The versatile black number is made of a smooth and breathable midweight fabric and features a boxy fit, excellent for casual wear. The drop sleeves give way to subtle but striking Alo Yoga logo detailing close to the hem, creating an instantly recognizable feel that’s not too in your face. If it’s good enough for a K-Pop superstar, we’re sure this tee will look stellar on you too.

black sneakers

Alo Runner

Black running sneakers.


Keep your feet supported without ditching style in these simple athletic sneakers from Alo. The style comes in a double black colorway (Jin’s preferred shade) with a breathable upper and rubber sole for added traction.

Jin joins Jisoo as the faces for the athleisure company while also spotlighting his passion for mindfulness and expanding the brand’s partnerships with K-pop artists.

The new campaign comes ahead of the upcoming opening of Alo’s first flagship store in South Korea’s Dosan Park, which is slated to open later this year.

For more product recommendations, check out ShopBillboard‘s roundups of the best fleece-lined leggings, shackets for women and SKIMS dupes.

Thanksgiving Weekend is normally a quiet time for new releases — but that doesn’t mean the worlds of hip-hop and R&B stopped spinning.

On Thanksgiving (Nov. 27), R&B singer Ray J was taken into custody by Los Angeles police and charged with making a criminal threat after allegedly pointing a gun at his ex-wife, Princess Love, during a livestreamed argument. The “One Wish” singer, who’s also Brandy’s younger brother, was released on $50,000 bond later that night. “The worse it gets, the better it gets for us, impression-wise, algorithm-wise, profit-wise, everything,” he explained to Cam Newton on an episode of the former NFL star’s Funky Friday podcast, which resurfaced following the holiday arrest.

By the end of the holiday weekend (Nov. 30), the NFL unveiled the official lineup for the Super Bowl LX pregame. Charlie Puth will perform the national anthem, Brandi Carlile will sing “America the Beautiful,” and Coco Jones will deliver a rendition of “Lift Every Voice and Sing.” All three Grammy-nominated vocalists will take the stage ahead of Bad Bunny’s highly anticipated 2026 Apple Music Super Bowl LX halftime show on Feb. 8, 2026.

Finally, Billboard kicked off the final month of the year (Dec. 1) with the announcement of its Billboard 2025 No. 1s Livestream, hosted by comedian and actor Druski. Co-hosted by Billboard News‘ Tetris Kelly, the livestream will air on the Billboard News YouTube channel and BillboardTV on Samsung TV Plus on Tuesday, Dec. 9, starting at noon ET/9 a.m. PT. Once the stream ends, Billboard will publish hundreds of 2025 year-end charts to its official website.

With Fresh Picks, Billboard aims to highlight some of the best and most interesting new sounds across R&B and hip-hop — from a new Stove God Cooks banger to a sultry duet between AKIA and Aaron Page. Be sure to check out this week’s Fresh Picks in our Spotify playlist below.


Billboard VIP Pass

Taylor Swift’s “The Fate of Ophelia” rules the Billboard Hot 100 for an eighth week, tying “Anti-Hero” as her longest-leading hit.

“The Fate of Ophelia” has been No. 1 in each of its weeks on the Hot 100 so far, dating to its mid-October debut; “Anti-Hero” began its reign upon its arrival in November 2022.

Elsewhere in the Hot 100’s top 10, Mariah Carey’s “All I Want for Christmas Is You” leads four festive holiday songs rising in the region, up from No. 8 to No. 5. It’s joined by Wham!’s “Last Christmas” (11-6), Brenda Lee’s “Rockin’ Around the Christmas Tree” (13-7) and Bobby Helms’ “Jingle Bell Rock” (14-8).

Plus, Leon Thomas’ “Mutt,” at No. 9 on the Hot 100, reaches No. 1 on the Radio Songs chart.

Check out the full rundown of this week’s Hot 100 top 10 below.

The Hot 100 blends all-genre U.S. streaming (official audio and official video), radio airplay and sales data, the lattermost metric reflecting purchases of physical singles and digital tracks from full-service digital music retailers; digital singles sales from direct-to-consumer (D2C) sites are excluded from chart calculations. All charts (dated Dec. 6, 2025) will update on Billboard.com tomorrow, Dec. 2. For all chart news, you can follow @billboard and @billboardcharts on both X, formerly known as Twitter, and Instagram. Plus, for all chart rules and explanations, click here.

Luminate, the independent data provider to the Billboard charts, completes a thorough review of all data submissions used in compiling the weekly chart rankings. Luminate reviews and authenticates data. In partnership with Billboard, data deemed suspicious or unverifiable is removed, using established criteria, before final chart calculations are made and published.